Durgabai deshmukh biography of barack obama

Durgabai Deshmukh

Indian freedom fighter, lawyer, and politician

Durgabāi Deshmukh (néeGummididala, 15 July &#;– 9 May ) was an Indian freedom fighter, lawyer, social worker and politician. She was a member of the Constituent Assembly of India and of the Planning Commission of India.[1]

A public activist for women's emancipation, she founded the Andhra Mahila Sabha (Andhra Women's Conference) in She was also the founder chairperson of the Central Social Welfare Board.

In , she married C.D. Deshmukh, the first Indian governor of the Reserve Bank of India and Finance Minister in India's Central Cabinet from to [2]

Early life

Durgabai Gummididala was born on 15 July, into a Telugu speaking family from Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, British India.[3][4] Durgabai was married at the age of 8[5][6] Subba Rao.

She refused to live with him after her maturation, and her father and brother supported her decision.[5] She later left him to pursue her education.[7]

Personal life

In , she married the then Finance Minister of India Chintaman Deshmukh. According to her own account, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was one of the three witnesses.[3] C.

D. Deshmukh had a daughter from a previous marriage but the couple remained otherwise childless. Though she had parted ways with Subba Rao, she supported his widow Timmaiamma after his death. Timmaiamma lived with Durgabai and Chintaman Deshmukh, and Durgabai also organised for her to get vocational training.[8] Durgabai Deshmukh authored a book called The Stone That Speaketh.

Her autobiography Chintaman and I was published one year before her death in

Career

From her early years, Durgabai had been associated with Indian politics.

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At age 12, she left school in protest to the imposition of English-medium education. She later started the Balika Hindi Paathshala in Rajamundry to promote Hindi education for girls.[8]

When the Indian National Congress had its conference in her hometown of Kakinada in ,[8] she was a volunteer and placed in charge of the Khadi exhibition that was running side by side.

Her responsibility was to ensure that visitors without tickets didn't enter. She fulfilled the responsibility given to her honestly and even forbade Jawaharlal Nehru from entering.[9][4] When the organisers of the exhibition saw what she did and angrily chided her, she replied that she was only following instructions.

She allowed Nehru in only after the organisers bought a ticket for him. Nehru praised the girl for the courage with which she did her duty.

She was a follower of Mahatma Gandhi in India's struggle for freedom from the British Raj. She never wore jewellery or cosmetics, and she was a satyagrahi.[10] She was a prominent social reformer who participated in Gandhi-led Salt Satyagraha activities during the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Biography of barack obama early life In his speech, Obama spoke about his early days in the Windy City and his continued faith in the power of Americans who participate in their democracy. At age eight, she was married to a rich zamindar. October saw the failed launch of HealthCare. However, one of his last acts as President in Dec was for the US to abstain on a similar motion condemning Israeli settlement building.

She was instrumental in organising women satyagrahis in the movement.[11] This led to British Raj authorities imprisoning her three times between and [8]

After her release from prison, Durgabai continued her studies. She finished her B.A. and her M.A. in political science in the s from Andhra University.[10] She went on to obtain her law degree from Madras University in , and started practicing as an advocate in Madras High Court.[8]

Durgabai was the president of the Blind Relief Association.

In that capacity, she set up a school-hostel and a light engineering workshop for the blind.

Durgabai was a member of the Constituent Assembly of India. She was the only woman in the panel of chairmen in the Constituent Assembly.[8] She was instrumental in the enactment of many social welfare laws.

She failed to get elected to Parliament in , and was later nominated to be a member of the Planning Commission.[8] In that role, she mustered support for a national policy on social welfare.

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    • The policy resulted in the establishment of a Central Social Welfare Board in As the Board's first chairperson, she mobilized a large number of voluntary organizations to carry out its programs, which were aimed at education, training, and rehabilitation of needy women, children, and the disabled.

    She was the first to emphasise the need to set up separate Family Courts after studying the same during her visit to China in She discussed the idea with Justice M.C.

    Chagla and Justice P.B. Gajendragadkar of the Bombay High Court (at that time) and also with Jawaharlal Nehru.[12] With similar demands for speedy justice for women in familial matters from women's movement and organisations, the Family Courts Act was enacted in

    She was the first chairperson of the National Council on Women's Education, established by the Government of India in [13] In , the committee presented its recommendations, as follows:

    1. "The Centre and State Governments should give priority to the education of girls.
    2. In the central ministry of education, a department of women's education should be created.
    3. For proper education of girls, a Director of Women's Education should be appointed in each state.
    4. Co-education should be properly organised at higher level of education.
    5. The University Grants Commission should specify a definite amount separately for the education of girls.
    6. In the first phase of development, provision of free education should be made for girls up to Class VIII
    7. Facilities in the choice of optional subjects should be made available for girls.
    8. Girls should get training facilities on a liberal basis.
    9. Education of Girls should be given due encouragement in rural areas.
    10. A large number of seats in various services should be reserved for them.
    11. Programmes for the development of adult women's education should be properly initiated and encouraged."[14]

    To commemorate her legacy, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam has named its Department of Women Studies as Dr.

    Durgabai Deshmukh Centre for Women's Studies.[15]

    In , she was sent to Washington D.C. as a member of the Indian delegation to the World Food Congress.[8]

    Contribution in Constituent Assembly

    Durgabai Deshmukh was then elected to the Constituent Assembly from the Madras Province.

    She was the only woman in the panel of chairmen in the Constituent Assembly. She proposed Hindustani (Hindi+Urdu) as the national language of India but also expressed fear about the forceful campaign for Hindi in South India.[16] She proposed a period of fifteen years of status quo to enable all the non-Hindi speakers to adopt and learn Hindi.[17][16]

    Awards

    • Paul G Hoffman Award
    • Nehru Literacy Award
    • UNESCO Award (for outstanding work in the field of literacy)
    • Padma Vibhushan award from the government of India
    • Jeevan award and Jagadeesh award

    Organizations established by Durgabai

    Andhra Education Society (AES) was founded in by Dr.

    Durgabai Deshmukh to serve the educational needs of Telugu children residing in Delhi.

    References

    1. ^"Unending devotion to social welfare".
    2. ^"The Iron Lady".
    3. ^ abDeshmukh, Durgabai (). Chintaman and I.

      Allied. p.&#;1.

    4. ^ abSuguna, B. (). Women's Movement. Discovery Publishing House.

      Durgabai deshmukh biography of barack obama India needs fair, non-hyphenated and questioning journalism, packed with on-ground reporting. According to Oprah Daily , he has maintained a warm and close relationship with half-sister Maya Soetoro-Ng. Swaminathan Narinder Singh Kapany S. Obama has said he grew up a huge comic book fan and was particularly fond of Spider-Man and Conan the Barbarian.

      p.&#; ISBN&#;.

    5. ^ abForbes, Geraldine; Forbes, Geraldine Hancock (). Women in Modern India. Cambridge University Press. ISBN&#;.
    6. ^Woman, Her History and Her Struggle for Emancipation
    7. ^Raman, Sita Anantha ().

    8. Biography of barack obama president
    9. Durgabai deshmukh biography of barack obama for kids
    10. Brief biography of barack obama

      11. Women in India: A Social and Cultural History. Vol.&#;1. Praeger. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.

    11. ^ abcdefghSmith, Bonnie G. (1 January ).

      The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History: 4 Volume Set. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN&#;.

    12. ^Dedicated to cause of women, The Hindu. 4 November
    13. ^ abRao, P. Rajeswar (). The Great Indian Patriots. Mittal Publications.

      p.&#; ISBN&#;.

    14. ^Jayapalan, N. (). History of India (from National Movement To Present Day).

      Durgabai deshmukh biography of barack obama full ISBN That August, diplomat and former presidential candidate Alan Keyes accepted the Republican nomination to replace Ryan. Both justices were confirmed under a Democratic-majority Senate. July

      Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

    15. ^Government of India, e-courts Mission Mode Project. "Maharashtra Family Courts". District Courts of India. Retrieved 24 June
    16. ^Government of India (). Report of the National Committee on Women's Education. New Delhi: Government of India.
    17. ^Deka, B.

      (1 January ). Higher Education in India: Development and Problems. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

    18. ^"Durgabai Deshmukh centennial inaugurated".

      Biography of barack obama president: In May , Barack and Michelle finalized a multi-year deal with Netflix to create exclusive content for the streaming service through their production company, Higher Ground. Tata Ratan Tata. Organizations established by Durgabai [ edit ]. Some of the mass shootings during his time include at Sandy Hook Elementary School 20 children and six adult fatalities in Connecticut; an Aurora, Colorado movie theater 12 fatalities ; a historically Black church in Charleston, South Carolina 9 fatalities ; and a gay nightclub in Orlando, Florida 49 fatalities.

      The Hindu. 16 July Retrieved 3 July

    19. ^ ab"Constituent Assembly of India Debates (Proceedings) - Volume IX". CADIndia | CLPR. Archived from the original on 27 April Retrieved 13 December
    20. ^"Constituent Assembly Members".

      . Archived from the original on 13 December Retrieved 13 December

    21. ^[1]Archived 17 July at the Wayback Machine
    22. ^"About Us – Council for social development". . Archived from the original on 2 August Retrieved 8 May
    23. ^Educational Institutions in the Campus.

    External links